Suicide claims the lives of about 35,000 Americans each year, ranking it among the ten leading causes of death. For every person who commits suicide, anywhere from 10 to 100 others try. Many of those who attempt it will try again--a number with lethal success. And here's the irony: except for a very few, all of the people who commit suicides want desperately to live. Their suicidal actions are actually cries for help. If someone you know is suicidal, your ability to recognize the signs and your willingness to do something about it could make the difference between life and death.
Why do people kill themselves? Unfortunately, there is no easy or standard answer to this question. Most suicides are a result of problems that seem overwhelming. Below are some stressful situations that can trigger suicidal feelings. Any combination of several of these situations at one time is especially dangerous.
DEPRESSION--This is a leading cause of suicide. Many different things may cause depression; such as personal loss, life changes, increased pressures, arrest, loneliness, and heredity or body chemistry. Life seems unbearable; the person may lose interest in many or all activities and become isolated or withdrawn.
CRISIS/IMPULSE--Major life changes such as loss of an important person, job, etc.; or the heat of anger and frustration can lead people to attempt suicide before they have a chance to think things over.
OLD AGE/DISEASE--The prospect of increasing pain and suffering, as well as loss of independence, income and dignity is frightening. Suicide may seem to be best or only alternative.
DRUGS/ALCOHOL--Drug or alcohol abuse can weaken a person's self-control and lead to suicide attempts and other self-destructive behavior.
What are some warning signs? Experts say 80% of those who take their lives warn people beforehand, often explicitly. Any indication that someone is considering suicide is a call to action, but there are some distinct warning signs that merit specific mention:
A suicide threat or other statement suggesting a desire or intent to die. These threats should be taken seriously and are a very real sign of danger.
Marked changes in behavior or personality. Sudden changes in appetite and sleep habits, and loss of interest in hobbies or things that previously were pleasurable are common warning signs. When such changes occur for no apparent reason or persist for a period of time, it may be a clue to impending suicide.
Getting affairs in order. People who are planning to end their lives often make some arrangements to get their affairs in order. This may include drawing up or reviewing a Will, getting financial records in shape, or giving possessions away.
What should a person do? The cardinal rule of suicide prevention is this:
DO SOMETHING!
If someone confides in you that he/she is thinking about suicide or shows other signs of being suicidal, don't be afraid to talk about it. Your willingness to discuss it will show the person that you don't condemn him/her for having such feelings.
No matter what else you do, or what your discussion leads to, make sure the person gets professional help. As soon as the signs of suicide start, a professional is needed. Suggest that the person contact a suicide prevention center, crisis intervention center, mental health clinic, hospital, family physician, clergy or the Employee Assistance Program. If the person refuses, take it upon yourself to call for him/her. Staying close and letting the person know you care about what happens is very important.
Some helpful telephone numbers to call are:
Suicide Prevention Center---387-5641
Corporate Care Works---296-9436
Jacksonville Sheriff's Office EAP---630-0750